From plant stems to bacterial shells, cell walls are far more than rigid barriers—they’re living, adapting structures.

Cyanobacteria—ancient microbes that oxygenated Earth and made complex life possible—are still revealing surprises billions of ...

FtsZ, a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein, plays an essential role in bacterial cytokinesis by assembling into a dynamic ring‐like structure at the future division site. Its pivotal function in ...

Bacterial cell division, a process wherein a single cell divides to form two identical daughter cells, represents one of the most essential biological processes. Understanding the precise mechanism ...