You're probably familiar with the old-fashioned strings of holiday lights that go out completely if one bulb burns out. Although these lights cause hours of frustration during the holidays, they also ...

Last month's column covered the behavior of electrical components connected in series and demonstrated that when a voltage is applied across a series circuit, the current through each component is the ...

This module covers the fundamental ideas underlying design of modern digital systems. This module explains the basis of circuit elements, how they are interconnected to form digital circuits and also ...

Last, but not least, we like to look at the I/O (Input/Output) circuits during EMI circuit board reviews. As a port of entry for external currents, I/O circuits are particularly vulnerable to threats ...

This white paper examines pneumatic design best practices and presents four basic pneumatic circuits commonly used in machine automation. The four basic pneumatic circuits examined in the paper ...

Operational amplifiers are a basic component that are discussed in most analog electronics text books. Their origins are primarily military and Walt Jung provides a very thoroughly researched history ...

• Every flex circuit has a neutral-bend axis. • Smaller circuit thickness reduces the risk of damage when flexed. • Detailed information on safe bend radii is found in IPC-2223. Flex circuitry can be ...

After the critical circuits, we like to examine the printed-circuit board (PCB) stackup. Like the schematic, board stackup decisions are often made prior to routing and placement, so this is a good ...