One can think of this apparatus as having both functional and anatomical (structural) components. The first component is functional and consists of the lacrimal pump. During blinking, the contraction ...

Dry eyes can cause significant discomfort, and the symptoms become more common as we age. However, until now, it was unclear what proportion of the population suffered from the condition, with ...

We retrospectively reviewed the case notes of patients with epiphora due to lacrimal outflow obstruction who chose to have injections of botulinum toxin into the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland ...

The eye has three structures that work together to protect it, namely, the , eyelids and lacrimal apparatus. The conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye. While a ...

The tear film is made up of several layers, and each layer has various roles to play in the maintenance of a stable tear film. The first layer is the outer lipid layer, which is derived from meibomian ...