Iran’s predicament underscores the need for a long-term strategy. Experts argue that reforms must include tariff ...

Iran’s Leader Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei dismissed reports about indirect messaging between Tehran and Washington, ...

This system of deep subsidies distorts consumption patterns, encourages waste and drains public resources. Independent ...

According to Javan-Bakht, Tehran Municipality plans a rapid increase in the use of treated wastewater for irrigation across ...

In a significant shift in Iran’s fuel pricing framework, the Cabinet has approved a new regulation that raises the price of ...

Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi will travel to France on November 26 for talks with French Foreign Minister Jean‑Noël ...

Industrial power outages already persist as a structural challenge. From early May to mid-October, most industrial estates ...

The study defines the middle class using an absolute, PPP-based standard: individuals with $11–$110 in daily per-capita ...

Energy uncertainty—electricity cuts in summer and gas shortages in winter—has become another major deterrent. Combined with ...

Projections show daily demand could climb to 187 million liters by 2029, while the country’s best-case production outlook is 110–115 million liters. Even if output somehow reaches 140 million liters, ...

Every winter, Iranian cities face severe smog due to temperature inversion and fine particulate matter. This year, however, ...

Production growth between September 2024 and September 2025 has outpaced the previous annual cycle. Based on refinery ...